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The San Diego Zoo is a zoo in Balboa Park, San Diego, California housing over 3,700 animals of more than 650 species and subspecies.〔 Its parent organization, San Diego Zoo Global, is the largest zoological membership association in the world, with more than 250,000 member households and 130,000 child memberships, representing more than a half million people.〔http://www.sandiegozoo.org/disclaimers/aboutus.html〕 San Diego Zoo pioneered the concept of open-air, cageless exhibits that re-create natural animal habitats. It is one of the few zoos in the world that houses the giant panda.〔(San Diego Zoo: World-famous zoo is a must-see attraction for SD visitors )〕 In 2013, the zoo added a new Koalafornia Adventure, providing an Australian experience. It is privately operated by the nonprofit Zoological Society of San Diego on of parkland leased from the City of San Diego, and ownership of all animals, equipment and other assets rests with the City of San Diego. The San Diego Zoo is an accredited member of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) and the American Alliance of Museums (AAM), and a member of the Zoological Association of America (ZAA) and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). San Diego Zoo Global also operates the San Diego Zoo Safari Park and the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research. ==History== The San Diego Zoo grew out of exotic animal exhibitions abandoned after the 1915 Panama-California Exposition.〔Christman (1985), p. 67〕 Dr. Harry M. Wegeforth founded the Zoological Society of San Diego, meeting October 2, 1916,〔 which initially followed precedents set by the New York Zoological Society at the Bronx Zoo. He served as president of the society until 1941.〔 A permanent tract of land in Balboa Park was set aside in August 1921; on the advice of the city attorney, it was agreed that the city would own all the animals and the zoo would manage them. The zoo began to move in the following year. In addition to the animals from the Exposition, the zoo acquired a menagerie from the defunct Wonderland Amusement Park.〔 Ellen Browning Scripps financed a fence around the zoo so that it could begin charging an entrance fee to offset costs.〔Christman (1985), p. 68〕 The publication ''ZooNooz'' commenced in early 1925. Animal collector Frank Buck went to work as director for the San Diego Zoo on June 13, 1923, signed to a three-year contract by Wegeforth. William T. Hornaday, director of the Bronx Zoo, had recommended Buck for the job. But Buck quickly clashed with the strong-willed Wegeforth and left the zoo after three months to return to animal collecting.〔San Diego Historical Society History News, Vol. 23, No. 5. (May 1987), p. 3. Past Comes Alive, Fascinating facts from the Archives, Frank Buck in San Diego.〕 After several other equally short-lived zoo directors, Wegeforth appointed the zoo's bookkeeper, Belle Benchley, to the position of executive secretary, in effect zoo director; she was given the actual title of zoo director a few years later. She served as zoo director from 1925 until 1953. For most of that time she was the only female zoo director in the world.〔 She was succeeded as director by Dr. Charles Schroeder. The San Diego Zoo was a pioneer in building "cageless" exhibits.〔 Wegeforth was determined to create moated exhibits from the start, and the first lion area at the San Diego Zoo without enclosing wires opened in 1922. In 1999, the zoo opened Ituri Forest, an African rainforest area, which had its first multi-species exhibit. The complex incorporated the pre-existing Hippo Beach exhibit, which had opened in 1995. Until the 1960s, admission for children under 16 was free regardless of whether they were accompanied by a paying adult. The zoo's Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species (CRES) was founded in 1975 at the urging of Kurt Benirschke, who became its first director. CRES was renamed the division of Conservation and Research for Endangered Species in 2005 to better reflect its mission. In 2009 CRES was significantly expanded to become the Institute for Conservation Research.〔(San Diego Zoo announcement )〕 An orangutan named Ken Allen was reported in several newspapers in the summer of 1985 for repeatedly escaping from the supposedly escape-proof orangutan enclosure.〔(Counterpunch, December 16, 2008 )〕 The world's only albino koala in a zoological facility was born September 1, 1997, at the San Diego Zoo and was named Onya-Birri, which means "ghost boy" in an Australian Aboriginal language.〔("An albino koala adds color to San Diego Zoo" ) CNN.com. June 5, 1998.〕 The San Diego Zoo has the largest number of koalas outside of Australia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「San Diego Zoo」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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